![]() Interestingly, some bacteria possess linear chromosomes. In a few bacteria, however, the genetic information is distributed on two or even more chromosomes. Most bacterial genomes consist of one covalently closed chromosome (Figure 1). In all three domains of life, chromosomal replication is mainly regulated at the initiation step ( Nielsen and Løbner-Olesen, 2008 Aves, 2009 Skarstad and Katayama, 2013), an important cell cycle checkpoint guaranteeing that DNA replication begins at the right place and time. This process must be highly precise and accurately timed to prevent any unnecessary loss of energy and to ensure that DNA is faithfully and completely replicated only once per cell-division cycle ( Leonard and Grimwade, 2015). DNA replication is an enormously intricate process, in which a few dozen enzymes catalyze a series of reactions, including DNA unwinding and the synthesis of sister DNA strands.
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